Mohloli: Ho rua Liphoofolo tsa Kantle ho Naha, Kolobe le Likhoho, No.01,2019

Tlhaloso: Pampiri ena e hlahisa ts'ebeliso ealithibela-mafu tlhahisong ea likhoho, le tšusumetso ea eona mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea likhoho, ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, limela tsa mala, boleng ba sehlahisoa sa likhoho, masala a lithethefatsi le ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi, le ho sekaseka tebello ea kopo le tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang ea lithibela-mafu indastering ea likhoho.

Mantsoe a bohlokoa: lithibela-mafu; khoho; ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso; ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung; masalla a lithethefatsi; khanyetso ea lithethefatsi

Sehlopha sa Bohareng ba Sehlopha: S831 Khoutu ea logo ea Tokomane: C Article No.: 1001-0769 (2019) 01-0056-03

Lithibela-mafu kapa lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko li ka thibela le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa baktheria maemong a itseng.Moore et al o ile a tlaleha ka lekhetlo la pele hore ho eketsoa ha lithibela-mafu lijong ho ile ha ntlafatsa haholo boima ba letsatsi le letsatsi [1] ho likhoho tsa likhoho.Ka mor'a moo, litlaleho tse tšoanang li eketsehile butle-butle. lilemong tsa bo-1990, lipatlisiso tsa lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko indastering ea likhoho li qalile Chaena. Hona joale, ho na le lithibela-mafu tse fetang 20 tse sebelisoang haholo, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khothalletsa tlhahiso ea likhoho le ho thibela le ho laola maloetse.Tlhaloso ea lipatlisiso ea tšusumetso ea lithibela-mafu likhoho e hlahisoa ka tsela e latelang.

1; Phello ea lithibela-mafu ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea likhoho

Yellow, dynamycin, bacidin zinc, amamycin, joalo-joalo, e ka sebelisoa ho khothalletsa khōlo, mochine ke: ho thibela kapa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa mala a khoho, ho thibela ho ata ha libaktheria tse kotsi tsa mala, ho fokotsa liketsahalo; etsa hore lerako la mala a liphoofolo a be tšesaane, ho matlafatsa mucosa ea mala, ho potlakisa ho monya ha limatlafatsi; thibela ho hōla ha likokoana-hloko tsa mala le mosebetsi, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea likokoana-hloko tsa limatlafatsi le matla, le ho eketsa ho fumaneha ha limatlafatsi ho likhoho; thibela libaktheria tse kotsi tsa mala li hlahisa metabolites tse kotsi [2].Anshengying et al e kentse lithibela-mafu ho fepa litsuonyana tsa mahe, tse ileng tsa eketsa boima ba 'mele ea tsona ka 6.24% qetellong ea nako ea teko, le ho fokotsa makhetlo a letšollo ka [3] .Wan Jianmei et al e kentse litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa Virginamycin le enricamycin lijong tsa mantlha tsa likhoho tsa AA tsa matsatsi a 1, tse ileng tsa eketsa haholo karolelano. ho eketseha ha boima ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba likhoho tsa nama tsa matsatsi a 11 ho isa ho a 20 le karolelano ea lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa likhoho tsa nama tsa matsatsi a 22 ho isa ho a 41; ho eketsa flavamycin (5 mg / kg) haholo e ile ea eketsa phaello ea boima ba letsatsi le letsatsi ea 22 ho ea ho matsatsi a 41 a broilers.Ni Jiang et al. e kentse 4 mg / kg lincomycin le 50 mg / kg zinki; le 20 mg / kg colistin bakeng sa 26 d, e leng se ileng sa eketsa haholo boima ba letsatsi le letsatsi [5] .Wang Manhong et al. e ekelitse enlamycin, zinki ea bacracin le naceptide bakeng sa 42, d ka ho latellana lijong tsa khoho tsa AA tsa matsatsi a 1, tse neng li e-na le liphello tse kholo tsa kholo, ka karolelano ea boima ba letsatsi le letsatsi le ho ja lijo tse ngata, 'me karolelano ea nama e fokotsehile ka [6].

2; Liphello tsa lithibela-mafu tšebetsong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung likhoho

Tšebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang le likhoho e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafu le ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha mafu. mafu.Mokhoa oa eona oa ho itšireletsa mafung ke: ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa mala ka ho toba kapa ho thibela kholo ea tsona, ho fokotsa ho tsosoa ha epithelium ea mala le. intestinal lymphoid tissue, ka hona ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea sesole sa 'mele; ho kena-kenana le immunoglobulin synthesis; ho fokotsa phagocytosis ea lisele; le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea mitotic ea lymphocyte ea 'mele [7] .Jin Jiushan et al. a phaella ka 0,06%, 0.010% le 0.15% ea chloramphenicol bakeng sa 2 ho 60 matsatsi a broilers khale, e neng e e-na le tšusumetso e khōlō inhibitory ka kana letšollo le feberu ea avian typhoid, empa haholo thibela le ho senyeha [8] lithong, moko oa masapo le hemocytopoiesis.Zhang Rijun et al o fepetse likhoho tsa nama ea matsatsi a 1 lijo tse nang le 150 mg / kg goldomycin, le boima ba thymus, spleen le bursa li fokotsehile haholo [9] ka matsatsi a 42. Guo Xinhua et al. e ekelitse 150 mg / kg ea gilomycin ka phepelong ea banna ba AA ea matsatsi a 1, e thibela haholo nts'etsopele ea litho tse kang bursa, karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, le sekhahla sa phetoho ea T lymphocyte le B lymphocyte.Ni Jiang et al. fepa 4 mg / kg lincomycin hydrochloride, 50 mg le 20 mg / kg likhoho ka ho latellana, 'me index ea bursac le index ea thymus le index ea spleen ha ea ka ea fetoha haholo. Sephiri sa IgA karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lihlopha tse tharo e fokotsehile haholo, 'me palo ea serum IgM sehlopheng sa zinc bactereracin e fokotsehile haholo [5]. Leha ho le joalo, Jia Yugang et al. e kentse 50 mg / kg ea gilomycin ho lijo tsa banna ba letsatsi le le leng ho eketsa palo ea immunoglobulin IgG le IgM likhoho tsa Tibet, ho khothalletsa ho lokolloa ha cytokine IL-2, IL-4 le INF-in serum, kahoo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung [11], ho fapana le lithuto tse ling.

3; Phello ea lithibela-mafu ho limela tsa mala a khoho

Ho na le likokoana-hloko tse fapa-fapaneng ka har'a tšilo ea lijo ea likhoho tse tloaelehileng, tse bolokang botsitso bo matla ka ho sebelisana, e leng se loketseng khōlo le nts'etsopele ea likhoho.Ka mor'a tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea lithibela-mafu, lefu le phokotso ea libaktheria tse nang le kutloelo-bohloko ka har'a tšilo ea lijo. mohlala oa thibelo pakeng tsa limela tsa baktheria, e leng se bakang tšoaetso e ncha.E le ntho e ka thibelang likokoana-hloko ka katleho, antibacterial. lithethefatsi li ka thibela le ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tsohle tsa likhoho, tse ka lebisang mathateng a tšilo ea lijo le ho baka mafu a tšilo ea lijo.Tong Jianming et al. e kenyellelitse 100 mg / kg gilomycin lijong tsa mantlha tsa khoho ea AA ea matsatsi a 1, palo ea Lactobacillus le bifidobacterium ka rectum ka matsatsi a 7 e ne e le tlase haholo ho feta sehlopha sa taolo, ho ne ho se phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa palo ea libaktheria tse peli. ka mor'a matsatsi a 14; palo ea Escherichia coli e ne e le tlase haholo ho feta sehlopha sa taolo matsatsing a 7,14,21 le 28, 'me [12] le sehlopha sa taolo hamorao.Teko ea Zhou Yanmin et al e bontšitse hore lithibela-mafu li thibela haholo jejunum, E. le Salmonella, le ho thibela haholo ho ata ha Lactobacillus [13] .Ma Yulong et al. Fepa lijo tsa soya tsa poone ea matsatsi a 1 tse tlatsitsoeng ka 50 mg / kg aureomycin ho litsuonyana tsa AA bakeng sa 42 d, ho fokotsa palo ea Clostridium enterica le E. coli, empa ha ea hlahisa bohlokoa [14] ka kakaretso ea libaktheria tsa aerobic, kakaretso ea libaktheria tsa anaerobic. le linomoro tsa Lactobacillus.Wu opan et al o kentse 20 mg / kg Virginiamycin ho lijo tsa khoho tsa AA tsa letsatsi le le leng, tseo e fokolitse polymorphism ea limela tsa mala, e ileng ea fokotsa lihlopha tsa leal le cecal tsa matsatsi a 14, 'me ea bontša phapang e kholo ea ho tšoana ha' mapa oa baktheria [15]. 'me e fumane hore phello ea eona ea ho thibela L. lactis ka maleng a manyenyane, empa e ka fokotsa haholo palo ea L. [16] ka har'a maleng rectum.Lei Xinjian o kentse 200 mg / kg;;;;;;;; bactereracin zinc le 30 mg / kg Virginiamycin ka ho latellana, e ileng ea fokotsa haholo palo ea cechia coli le Lactobacillus ho likhoho tsa likhoho tsa matsatsi a 42. Yin Luyao et al a phaella ka 0.1 g / kg ea bacracin zinc premix bakeng sa 70 d, e ileng ea fokotsa bongata ba libaktheria tse kotsi ho cecum, empa bongata ba likokoana-hloko tsa cecum hape e fokotsehile [18] .Ho boetse ho na le litlaleho tse seng kae tse hanyetsanang tsa hore ho eketsoa ha 20 mg / kg sulfate antienemy element ho ka eketsa haholo palo ea bifidobacterium [19] ka har'a likahare tsa cecal tsa likhoho tsa matsatsi a 21.

4; Phello ea lithibela-mafu boleng ba sehlahisoa sa likhoho

Boleng ba likhoho le lehe bo amana haufi-ufi le boleng ba phepo e nepahetseng, 'me phello ea lithibela-mafu boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa likhoho ha e lumellane.Ka matsatsi a 60, ho eketsa 5 mg / kg bakeng sa 60d ho ka eketsa sekhahla sa tahlehelo ea metsi le ho fokotsa sekhahla. ea nama e phehiloeng, le ho eketsa litaba tsa li-unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids le bohlokoa ba mafura acid tse amanang le foreshe le monate, e leng se bontšang hore lithibela-mafu li na le phello e mpe ho thepa ea nama ea boleng ba nama 'me e ka ntlafatsa tatso ea [20] ea khoho ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.Wan Jianmei et al o kentse virinamycin le enlamycin lijong tsa khoho tsa AA tsa matsatsi a 1, tse neng li se na phello e kholo polaong. tshebetso kapa boleng ba mesifa, le flavamycin e fokolitse tahlehelo ea marotholi a [4] mosifang oa sefuba sa likhoho. Ho tloha ho 0.03% gilomycin ho isa matsatsing a 56, sekhahla sa polao se eketsehile ka 0.28%, 2.72%, 8.76%, sekhahla sa mesifa ea sefuba ka 8.76%, le sekhahla sa mafura a mpeng ka 19.82% [21].Ka lijo tsa matsatsi a 40 tse tlatsitsoeng ka 50 mg / kg ea gilomycin bakeng sa 70 d, pectoral sekhahla sa mesifa se eketsehile ka 19.00%, 'me matla a ho kuta a pectoral le tahlehelo ea marotholi e ne e le ngata haholo e fokotsoe ke [22] .Yang Minxin o fepa 45 mg / kg ea gilomycin ho lijo tsa motheo tsa matsatsi a 1 tsa AA broilers haholo li fokolitse tahlehelo ea mesifa ea sefuba 'me ea eketseha haholo [23] ka matla a T-SOD le T-AOC. maemo a mesifa ea leoto. Thuto ea Zou Qiang et al ka nako e le 'ngoe ea ho fepa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ikatisa e bontšitse hore boleng ba ho lemoha masticatory ba anti-cage gushi chicken breast e ne e le haholo. ntlafatsoa; empa bonolo le tatso li ne li le betere mme lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea kutlo li ile tsa ntlafala haholo [24].Liu Wenlong et al. e fumane hore kakaretso ea lintho tse nang le tatso e sa tsitsang, aldehydes, alcohols le ketone li ne li phahame haholo ho feta likhoho tse sa lefelloeng ho feta likhoho tsa ntlo. Ho ikatisa ntle le ho eketsa lithibela-mafu ho ka ntlafatsa haholo tatso ea [25] maheng ho feta lithibela-mafu.

5; Phello ea lithibela-mafu masala a lihlahisoa tsa likhoho

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, likhoebo tse ling li phehella lithahasello tsa lehlakore le le leng, 'me tšebeliso e mpe ea lithibela-mafu e lebisa ho bokelleng ho ntseng ho eketseha ha masala a lithibela-mafu lihlahisoa tsa likhoho.Wang Chunyan et al ba fumane hore masala a tetracycline ka likhoho le mahe a ne a le 4.66 mg / kg le 7.5 mg / lik'hilograma ka ho latellana, sekhahla sa ho lemoha e ne e le 33.3% le 60%; masala a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a streptomycin maheng e ne e le 0.7 mg / kg 'me tekanyo ea ho lemoha e ne e le 20% [26].Wang Chunlin et al. lijo tse nang le matla a phahameng tse tlatsitsoeng ka 50 mg / kg ea gilmomycin ho khoho ea letsatsi le le leng. Khoho e ne e e-na le masala a gilomycin sebeteng le liphio, e nang le palo e kholo ea [27] sebeteng. mme masalela a sebete le diphio e ne e le 23d ka ho latellana;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; e ne e le ka tlaase ho tekanyo e lekanang ea masala a mangata [28] ka mor'a 28 d.Lin Xiaohua e ne e lekana le likotoana tse 173 tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang le likhoho tse neng li bokelloa Guangzhou ho tloha 2006 ho ea ho 2008, tekanyo e feteletseng e ne e le 21,96%, 'me litaba li ne li le 0,16 mg / kg / kg. ~9.54 mg / kg [29].Yan Xiaofeng o ile a etsa qeto ea masalla a mahlano lithibela-mafu tsa tetracycline ka lisampole tsa mahe a 50, 'me li fumane hore tetracycline le doxycycline li na le masala [30] lisampoleng tsa mahe.Chen Lin et al. e bontšitse hore ka ho atolosoa ha nako ea lithethefatsi, ho bokella lithibela-mafu ka har'a mesifa ea sefuba, mesifa ea leoto le sebete, amoxicillin le lithibela-mafu, amoxicillin le Doxycycline maheng a manganga, le ho feta [31] mahe a manganga.Qiu Jinli et al. e fane ka 250 mg/L ho likhoho tsa nama tsa matsatsi a fapaneng;; le 333 mg / L ea 50% hydrochloride phofo e qhibilihang hang ka letsatsi bakeng sa 5 d, e ngata ka har'a lisele tsa sebete le masala a phahameng ka ho fetisisa sebeteng le mesifa e ka tlaase ho [32] ka mor'a ho tlosoa ha 5 d.

6; Phello ea lithibela-mafu ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi likhoho

Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea nako e telele ea lithibela-mafu liphoofolong le likhoho e tla hlahisa libaktheria tse ngata tse hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi, e le hore limela tsohle tsa likokoana-hloko li tla fetoha butle-butle ho tataiso ea ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi ho [33]. libaktheria tse tsoang ho likhoho li ntse li mpefala le ho feta, mefuta e hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi e ntse e eketseha, matla a ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi a ntse a eketseha le ho feta, 'me kutloisiso ea lithibela-mafu ea fokotseha, e leng se tlisang mathata. ho thibela le ho laola mafu.Liu Jinhua et al. Mefuta e 116 ea S. aureus e arohaneng le mapolasi a mang a likhoho Beijing le Hebei e fumane likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi, haholo-holo ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi, 'me S. aureus e hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi e na le mokhoa oa ho eketseha selemo le selemo [34].Zhang Xiuying et al. Mefuta e ka bang 25 ea Salmonella e tsoang mapolasing a likhoho a Jiangxi, Liaoning le Guangdong, e ne e le bonolo ho kanamycin le ceftriaxone, 'me litekanyetso tsa ho hanyetsa nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfa, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin, ampicillin le fluoroquinolones li ne li feta 50%. 35].Xue Yuan et al. o fumane hore mefuta e 30 ea E. coli e arohaneng le Harbin e na le kutlo e fapaneng ho lithibela-mafu tse 18, ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tse ngata tse matla, amoxicillin / potassium clavulanate, ampicillin le ciprofloxacin e ne e le 100%, 'me e le ea bohlokoa haholo [36] ho amtreonam, amomycin le polymyxin B.Wang Qiwen le al. e arohaneng le mefuta e 10 ea streptococcus ho tloha lithong tsa likhoho tse shoeleng, e hanyetsanang ka ho feletseng le nalidixic acid le lomesloxacin, e utloa bohloko haholo ho kanamycin, polymyxin, lecloxacin, novovomycin, vancomycin le meloxicillin, 'me e na le khanyetso e itseng [37] ho lithibela-mafu tse ling tse ngata.Qu Ping thuto e fumane hore Mefuta e 72 ea jejuni e na le likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho hanyetsa quinolones, cephalosporins, tetracyclines e hanyetsana haholo, penicillin, sulfonamide ke khanyetso e mahareng, macrolide, aminoglycosides, lincoamides li na le khanyetso e tlase [38]. Tšimo e tsoakiloeng coccidium, madurycin, chloropepyridine, halilomycin le ho hanyetsa ka ho feletseng [39].

Ho akaretsa, ts'ebeliso ea lithibela-mafu indastering ea likhoho e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ea fokotsa lefu, empa ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele le e pharaletseng ea lithibela-mafu ha e ame feela ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ho leka-lekana ha intestinal micro ecological, ho fokotsa boleng ba nama le tatso. Ka nako e ts'oanang e tla hlahisa ho hanyetsa baktheria le masala a lithethefatsi ka nama le mahe, ho ama thibelo ea lefu la likhoho le taolo le polokeho ea lijo, ho lematsa bophelo bo botle ba batho.Ka 1986, Sweden e bile eona ea pele ea ho thibela lithibela-mafu lijong, 'me ka 2006, European Union e ile ea thibela lithibela-mafu liphoofolong le lijong tsa likhoho, 'me butle-butle lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka 2017, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o ile oa bitsa hore ho felisoe lithibela-mafu ho khothalletsa thibelo ea mafu le kholo ea bophelo bo botle liphoofolong.Ka hona, ke mokhoa o akaretsang oa ho jara ka mafolofolo. tsoa lipatlisiso tsa mefuta e meng ea lithibela-mafu, ho kopana le ts'ebeliso ea mehato e meng ea tsamaiso le theknoloji, le ho khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea ho ikatisa ho hanyetsanang le ho ikatisa, e leng eona e tla fetoha tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likhoho nakong e tlang.

Litlhahiso: (lingoloa tse 39, li siiloe)